A Man For All Seasons Essays - Anti-war, Conscience, Nonviolence

A Man For All Seasons In the play A Man For All Seasons by Robert Bolt the audience learns about the extraordinary life of Sir Thomas More. Sir Thomas is faced with a moral dilemma that will determine the outcome of his life. More, chancellor of England , and a strong Christian believer is forced to choose between his close friend, King Henry VIII, and the supreme lord his God. More is a man of moral integrity because he refuses to submit to external pressures to sign the oath condoning the Act of Supremacy. He follows his heart and soul in doing what he believes to be right no matter what the consequence. More is told by King Henry VIII to sign the Act of Supremacy. The Act gives Henry VIII full authority over the Catholic Church and thus further distancing England from Rome, since the Pope would no longer be the head of the Church. More has many objections to and reasons for not signing the oath. More believes that if he does what he is called to do rather than what he believes to be morally right then he will have made the wrong decision and in the end will have no positive effect. This is evident when More says I believe, when statesmen forsake their own private conscience for the sake of their public duties...they lead their country by a short route to chaos.(Bolt, p 22). Despite what many may think, More would rather not get involved or influence the life of the king concerning the divorce. To most people signing the oath is a minor thing. It is something that should be done to appease the King , despite personal beliefs. However, for More his decision to sign the oath must be based on his beliefs. If he were to sign the oath he would lose all self respect. The audience learns this when he says I neither could nor would rule my King. But there's a little...little, area...where I must rule myself. It's very little-less to him than a tennis court.(Bolt, p 59). More is a man of principles and he will not compromise these principles. According to Sir Thomas if a man is prepared to take an oath then he must stand by that oath. However, in this case the signing of the oath would compromise these principles and therefore he can not sign. He displays this view when he says, When a man takes an oath, Meg, he's holding his own self in his own hands. Like water... (Bolt, p 140) More goes on to explain that he can not doubt his soul. If he were to go against his moral conscience, in a sense he would be killing his soul, and without the soul there is nothing. More's conscience is extremely important to him. He could not live with himself if he were to go against his conscience. To sign the Act of Supremacy More must go against his conscience and that is something he can not do. This is easily understood when he says, It is not so, Master Cromwell- very and pure necessity for respect of my own soul. (Bolt, p 153) At one point, a long time friend of More, the Duke of Norfolk, tries to convince More to sign the oath. More responds to Norfolk by saying, And when we stand before God, and you are sent to Paradise for doing according to your conscience, and I am damned for not doing according to mine, will you come with me, for fellowship? (Bolt, p 132). What More means by this is that he must do what he thinks is right because in the end God is his judge and he will face the ultimate consequences. More never gives in to pressures. He does not sign the oath, and right up to his execution he believes he is doing the right thing. His final words perfectly sum up his reasons for not signing. He says to his executioner friend, be not afraid of your office. You send me to God. (Bolt, p 162) Ultimately this means that he has made the right decision and is now going to a better place. If someone feels so strongly about something

The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy Essays

The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy Essays The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy Paper The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy Paper In this lab, our task is to determine how different degrees of temperature affect reaction rates.  A Swedish chemist, named Svante Arrhenius discovered the relationship between temperature and reaction rate. In finding this relationship a new equation was formed called the Arrhenius Equation:  Reaction rate constant k = A e -Ea/RT  The factor A represents the frequency of collisions between two molecules in the proper orientation for reactions to occur. The value of A is determined by experiment and will be different for every reaction. The value of the exponential term e -Ea/RT describes the fraction of molecules with the minimum energy required to react, R is the gas constant, 8.314 J/mol-K, T is the temperature in Kelvin and Ea is the activation energy. Activation energy of a reaction is the minimum amount of energy needed to start the reactions. In order to understand and make use of this equation, we must include the Collision Theory. Collision Theory states that in order for a reaction to occur, two molecules must collide in the proper orientation and posses a minimum amount of energy to react. The Arrhenius equation accounts for all of the requirements of Collision Theory.  The Arrhenius equation can be rearranged and combined to determine the activation energy for a reaction based on how the rate constant changes with temperature: In this lab, we will be calculating the rate constants for each of the four temperatures. The four temperatures include: 23, 40, 50, and 60 degrees Celsius. After the rate constant is found for these temperatures, we will use the Arrhenius Equation to solve for Ea and A by an analytical approach. Additionally we will use a graphically approach to solve for these values. The value found for Ea analytically is 9.20 X 104 J/Mol and the value for Ea found graphically is 8.51 X 10 4 J/Mol. The difference between the two is 6873 J/Mol. The value of 9.20 X 104 J/Mol was found experimentally, while the value of 8.51 X 10 4 J/Mol was found by using experimental data to find the best-fit equation for the line. Because this was a best-fit equation done by a computer working with the experimental data a difference is expected. It should be noted that the difference of the two figures is relatively small. Conclusion: In this lab, we experimentally tested how reaction rates change with varying degrees of temperature. We tested this by measuring out specific volumes of reactants, when the final reactant was placed in the flask we started the stopwatch. We were able to time the reaction visually by the change in color, once the reactant color turned clear the reaction was over and the stopwatch was stopped. We did this four times with the variable being the temperature of the water baths that the flasks were in. The first run was done with no water bath, thus at room temperature of 23à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and the other three runs at 40, 50 and 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C. When we solved for Ea1 the value was 8.94 X102 KJ/Mol this represents the two lowest temperature and the value of Ea2 was 9.45 X 101 KJ/Mol for the two highest temperatures. Our data supports the idea that as temperature increases the rate increased, this was the true for all four runs. As with any experiment there is always a margin of error, in this case we were not working in a closed environment, and the fact that we took the flask out of the water baths before reading the final temperature occur twice which could possible provide an error. Prior to doing this lab, I have been told as well as have read that it is a clear understanding in the scientific world that a change of 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C will double the rate of a reaction. We tested this in this lab, and once again this understanding has been substantiated. This experiment emphasized that the Arrhenius equation is a proving powerful tool for predicting reaction rates over a wide range of temperatures. After a final analysis of our data, I feel confident that our experiment was a success. My understanding of this concept is more firmly in place than prior to this experiment. References: Moore, John W., et al. The Chemical World Concepts and Applications. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Company 1994. Silberberg, Martin S., 2000. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher, 2000.

Faith-Based Health Programs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Faith-Based Health Programs - Assignment Example For instance, if health based initiatives were to be intergrated into a church menu for the purposes of combating stroke and heart disease the church officials would simply start to introduce more healthy foods at church functions. In addition, research has proved that faith-based interventions even provide social support for members who desire to adopt healthy behaviors such as engaging in daily physical exercises. Church groups have even been known to form groups of people that regularly engage in physical exercise with the encouragement of community health officials (Lee, 2010). There are many ways through which health officials can reach members of religious communities through fiath based initiatives. For instance, Church bulletins and newsletters that detail the importance of avoiding fatty foods and habits like smoking can cause members to adopt healthier lifestyles.This is because such health messages will be more accepted when delivered by a pastor than by a community worker. Faith-based settings also increase the chances of members being recruited in healthy lifestyle programs. Such settings are also beneficial for launching education programs due to the ready availability of a meeting space,as well as cooking facilities. In particularly conservative communities, community health workers can even train the religious leaders to carry out health initiatives that will ensure that their members adopt and maintain healthy

Impact of Dividend Policy on Share Price Research Paper

Impact of Dividend Policy on Share Price - Research Paper Example To understand the overall idea about the dividend policy, it is essential to categorize the policy. There are mainly two types of a dividend policy that is being followed by the corporate sector i.e. residual and managed. The residual dividend policy distributes cash among the shareholders. It is left after the business firm spends desirable amount for the purpose of investment, according to the NPV. The risk related to this dividend policy is very high due to highly variable in nature or it may be zero. On the other side, the managed dividend policy is mainly stressed to increase the return of the shareholders. The managers of the business firm who believe that dividend policy has a strong impact on the share price of firms. It generally uses this mechanism of dividend policy. The primary objective of this optimal dividend policy is to enhance the stock price trend of the business firm that results in maximization of shareholders’ wealth. Nowadays, the business firm relates the dividend policy with the product life cycle (PLC). For an example, a firm with large cash flow, high growth rate and lower trends in project appraisal tries to pay more dividends to the shareholder, as the earnings of the firm are comparatively high. The firms with high growth rate follow different interesting patterns in order to change the pattern of such decisions and enhance the complexity (Lease, 56). If the earnings of business firms are increased, then the dividend should increase too. On the other side, the dividend cut denotes the decreasing trend of earnings.

Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing - Case Study Example In terms of personality, Starbucks targets people who want to stand out as individuals while Dunkins customers are people who want to be part of a crowd. The segment that Dunkins is attempting to reach through positioning is what can be classified as average Joe--the middle income blue- and white-collar workers across all ages, races; who like to belong in a crowd; who although values nicer stores they like it to appeal to the ordinary Americans. These people do not like the fancy store layouts of couches, art-decorated walls and eclectic music; they also do not like glamorously-sounding labels—they complained that calling a hot sandwich a panini is too fancy, thus it is renamed as stuffed melt. They like more accessible products like flatbread sandwiches and gourmet cookies rather than pinwheels of doughs stuffed with various fillings, which remind them of something they have during cocktail hours instead of decent meals. Yes, definitely. Marketing is about finding the right customers and providing values. A huge market cannot be served only by one player. There are different types of consumers, and even to a large player, providing all the needs and wants of the whole market will prove costly and will erode their profits. Therefore, they choose to serve the customers they serve best. In the coffee shop market, the higher income and professional groups are the target of Starbucks, people who want to stand out as individuals. But there are other types of customers. And seeing this segment not being served well gives a huge advantage to Dunkins. After knowing the distinct needs of this segment, a value proposition that carries the message about the benefits the company offers to fulfill these needs is just logical. If Dunkins instead competes with Starbucks in the other segment of the market and provide the same value proposition, it will only come up as second best, or an imitator

Salmonella Infection: Causes and Effects

Salmonella Infection: Causes and Effects Recently, food safety is an increasingly important public health issue with news of food poisoning reported daily. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts are in response to an increasing number of food safety problems and rising consumer concerns. Foodborne is any illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites that contaminate the food. Foodborne disease is a common, costly yet preventable and is a widespread public health problem, both in urban and rural areas. Symptoms of foodborne illness range from mild gastroenteritis to life-threatening neurologic, hepatic and renal syndromes. Foodborne diseases are incorrectly referred to as food poisoning due to the similarity in symptoms. Examples of foodborne diseases are Botulism, Brucellosis, Salmonellosis and many more. Salmonellosis is a type of foodborne disease caused by the Salmonella bacterium (WebMD, 2011). Salmonell a food poisoning happens when the gastrointestinal tract or the digestive tract is infected by a variety of types of Salmonella bacteria (Brian MD, 2011). The two most common are Salmonella serotype Typhimurium and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. According to the United States Department of Health Human Services (South Heartland District, n.d.), approximately 40,000 cases of Salmonellosis are reported in the United States each year. The actual number of infections may be 30 times greater because many milder cases are not diagnosed or reported.   Salmonella bacteria live in the intestines of people and animals and are often passed on from the preparation of food to the process of food consumption. The main cause of salmonella is due to the improper hygiene of food handlers. A frequent cause is when a food handler does not wash his/her hand with soap after using a bathroom. Food becomes contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler. Infection can also spread from cutting boards, counters and kitchen utensils. Besides, some food can be contaminated such as meat during the butchering process, fish when harvested in contaminated waters and fruits and vegetables if being watered with contaminated waters or during the washing process before distribution. Furthermore, public are aware of the handling of certain animals can spread the salmonella infection. Snakes, turtles, birds, chicks and other reptiles may carry salmonella. Children are exposed to salmonella by holding and cuddling infected animals. Salmonella can also be found in the faeces of some pets, especially those with diarrhoea (Jerry Shaw, 2010). The history of Salmonella outbreak is between 2002-2003 when there was a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections which were ultimately associated with the consumption of raw milk. Sixty-two people were infected from various countries including Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee and Illinois. Out of the 32 food samples tested, five were positive of Salmonella Typhimurium including three raw skim milk samples, one raw milk butter sample and one raw cream sample. Upon investigation, only the consumption of raw milk was associated significantly with the illnesses (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2009). A recent outbreak of Salmonella was linked to tainted melons have killed two victims and leaving 141 ills in 20 states in the United States. It is said that the salmonella outbreak linked to the contaminated rock melon grown in Southern Indiana. Agriculture experts said that the frequent problems with rock melon come from the nature of the melons and sloppy agricultural practices (Liz Szabo, 2012). One may prone to Salmonella infection during travelling which is more common in developing countries with poor sanitation. People with pets and reptile also have a higher risk of Salmonella infection. People living in group housing are more prevalent to Salmonella infection simply because they are exposed to more people. In addition, food prepared at the universities canteen often uses large amount of ground meat or unshelled eggs that have been pooled from many source. Besides, infants and elderly are more prone to Salmonella bacteria due to the weak immune system in their bodies. Besides, Salmonella infection happens more frequently during the summer compare to other seasons (Victor Smida, 2011). Salmonella germs are resistant in the environment. They can survive about 5 to 6 months in polluted water and feces, survive and reproduce in at room temperature in wet environments, in food and infusion solutions. Transmissions of Enteric Salmonellosis are caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C. All the clinical entities are different in characteristic development and lasting immunity of the body. Contamination is made orally when a person eats infected food or drink infected water. After an incubation period about 14 days, the disease begins with lethargy, malaise, fever and pain during the first week followed with constipation along this period. In the second week, the bacteria are back into circulation and will cause high fever, sensitive stomach and possibly pink macules on the abdominal skin (Victor Smida, 2011). Mayo Clinic staff (2011) stated that the symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning generally begin within 8 to 72 hours after ingesting food or beverages contaminated with Salmonella bacteria. Most salmonella infections can be classified as gastroenteritis. Symptoms of Salmonellosis include fever and chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, multiple bouts of diarrhea which may be bloody and severe abdominal pain and cramps. Generally, with proper care to avoid dehydration, healthy adults can begin to seek improvement in their symptoms within a couple of days and can recover completely with a week. Most people recover without treatment. In some cases, Salmonella food poisoning can result in serious or life-threatening complications, such as severe dehydration and Reiters syndrome. A small number of people who are infected with Salmonellosis develop Reiters syndrome, a disease that can last for months or years and can lead to chronic arthritis. Seek immediate medical care if one has a change in level of consciousness or alertness, dizziness, eye irritation, painful joints, weakness and painful urination. Signs and symptoms of salmonella infection generally last four to seven days but it may take several months before the bowel habits are entirely normal. Basically, replacement of fluids and electrolytes is the focus of treatment because salmonella infection can be dehydrating. However, if the diarrhea is severe, hospitalization may require especially to younger kids, seniors and people with compromised immune systems where fluids are delivered directly into the vein. If a person is suffering from dehydration due to Salmonella, it is advisable to give the person rehydration drinks, like Pedialyte or Rehydralyte. Alternatively, the person can also be given sports drinks. Usually, it is recommended that the person continue with normal diet to obtain necessary nutrients and help in hastening process. In addition, doctor may recommend anti-diarrheal to help relieve cramping. If the salmonella bacteria are suspected to enter the bloodstream, doctor may prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria (OnlineMedicineTips.com, n.d.) However, prevention is better than cure. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, good hygiene is a priorit y when handling with food, pets and children (2011). Salmonella can be prevented by avoiding raw or unpasteurized milk and other dairy products. Wash hands after getting into contact with animal feces especially reptiles since reptiles are particularly likely to carry salmonella bacteria. Also, refrigerate and freeze leftovers right away and eat them within two or three days of refrigerating. Moreover, avoid having contact with a person who has infectious Salmonella food poisoning or its symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea. On top of all, drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration (Imraan Seedat, 2010).

Illegal Immigrants: A Modern Day Grapes of Wrath Essays -- Mexican immi

As depicted in John Steinbeck's novel Grapes of Wrath the 1930's was a time when migrant workers like the story's Joad family had to leave their homes, cross a perilous desert, live through the social injustices of the time, and work at jobs with low insufficient pay just to have a better life (Steinbeck). Seventy years later, the situations and experiences stay the same but the people are no longer native-born Americans but illegal immigrants who sacrifice everything to come to the United States to live a better life, as a result of that the 500,000 immigrants that illegally enter the United States through the Mexican border annually and stay in the country are the Joads of today (Aizenman). In the Grapes of Wrath the Joad family had to abandon their home and memories and cross the dessert by car to reach to their new life and the jobs that wait for them. The journey was not easy for the Joads or for any of the other migrant workers; consistently the journey for illegal immigrants is no different today. Contrary to popular belief, not all immigrants crossing the border are Mexican; while the majority is Mexican the immigrants are also from the rest of Latin America. The second largest groups of immigrants that cross the border are from El Salvador, other countries include Guatemala, and Colombia (fairus.org). The migrant workers of the 1930’s had the benefit of cars, however since cars are too noticeable by border patrol an immigrant has to walk the whole length (Garcà ­a). Walking the desert between the U.S and Mexico is the hardest way of crossing. An immigrant has to cross when the heat is not as strong and walk miles without rest (National Geographic). All th e walking without rest makes the immigrants very tired and dehydrated... ...They left their home traveled the hot roads of Route 66, and arrived at a place where they were underpaid but made the best of what they had. The immigrants crossing the border into the United States had to leave the majority of their family, walk through deserts, swim through rivers, and ride on trains so they could work below the minimum wage, be looked down upon and be excluded from the benefits of the country they so dearly wanted to reach. Human nature is to survive and to look for the best, and as John Steinbeck wrote on the Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Man, unlike any other thing organic or inorganic in the universe, grows beyond his work, walks up the stairs of his concepts, emerges ahead of his accomplishments† (204). This quote, like the experiences and situations, remains the same for the migrant workers of the 1930’s and the illegal immigrants of the 21st Century.

History of Ramayana

Ramayana is true, if you have read it you can easily make out that it just can't be a mere work of imagination. All the incidents, places and events seems natural. Nothing seems to be false. When britishers captured India some 150 yrs. ago, they rumoured it to be false and then some britishers who didn't had any firm Hindu background just declared it to be a myth. Conclusion: IT IS TRUE Religions Background of Ramayana Hindu religious literature is the large body of traditional narratives related to Hinduism, notably as contained in Sanskrit literature, such as the Sanskrit epics and the Puranas. As such, it is a subset of Indian culture. Role in Hinduism The Ramayana is extremely popular. India nearly shut down when a dramatized series of the Ramayana appeared on television in the 1980s. Recitation of the Ramayana earns great merit. Rama and Sita are seen as the ideal married couple. In North India, the Ramayana is acted out in the annual pageant Ram-Lila. It was a favourite subject of Rajasthani and Pahari painters of the 17th and 18th centuries. Gandhi called it the greatest book in the world. Tulsi Das, medieval author of the Hindi translation, said, â€Å"Whenever I remember Rama's name, the desert of my heart blooms lush and green.† Comparison between Iliad, & Ramayana -Ramayana A virtuous king named Rama is banished to the forest, where he has many adventures, and then he rescues his wife Sita from the evil king of Sri Lanka with the help of his friends. – -Homer’s The Iliad The gods of ancient Greece, most of whom were adopted by the ancient Romans, were generally described as human in form, unaging, nearly immune to all wounds and sickness, capable of becoming invisible, able to travel vast distances almost instantly, and able to speak through human beings with or without their knowledge. In Greek mythology, the gods were presented as a large, multi-generational family, the oldest members of which created the world as we know it. Each Greco-Roman divinity has his or her own specific appearance, genaeology, interests, personality, and area of expertise, subject to significant local variants. When the gods were called upon in poetry or prayer, they were referred to by a combination of their name and epithets, the latter serving to distinguish them from other gods. Theme of Ramayana The age-old battle between virtue and vice is the main theme of the Indian epic Ramayana. It is the life story and message of SreeRaaman, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu who took human form in this world to tame the wicked. This great literary and religious classic is a traditional mind cleanser even the touching of which is considered sacred. However, it is also a tale of the Aryan war race. In Indian history, the theme of Ramayana is the biography of king Sri Ramachandra is Called Ramayan. Ram is Sri Ramchandra and ayan means the story. The other theme of Ramayana is – â€Å"The good (Lord Rama) vanquishes the evil (Ravana)†. In India the festival, Dussehra is based on the central theme of Ramayana.

Body Shop PLC Dissertation Essays

Body Shop PLC Dissertation Essays Body Shop PLC Dissertation Paper Body Shop PLC Dissertation Paper Essay Topic: The Outsiders One of the major problems in business is the notion of whether companies should be concerned with other issues than profitability. Adam Smith in 1863 claimed that the process of achieving the overall good for the society is something that will happen inevitably happen because of his idea of the invisible hand of the market. However, more contemporary ideas assert otherwise as they believed that there are a number of conditions that would hinder the invisible hand to work effectively (Mohr and Webb, 2002). The Body Shop International, PLC is one of the leaders in terms of cosmetic stores focusing in skin and hair care products that are made from natural ingredients. The company is a subsidiary of LOreal and has branches to over 50 countries worldwide. On the fiscal year of 2006, Body Shop has total revenue of ? 485. 8 million which marks a total of 15. 9% increase compared to 2005 (Datamonitor, 2007, p. 4). Body Shops niche market sector has been famous due to the advent on the use of naturally inspired skin and hair care products. Body Shops product lines range from the use of Vitamin E Moisture Cream, Tea Tree Oil, Banana Shampoo and the likes. The company also advocates the use of aloe vera, jojoba oil, rhassoul mud, cocoa butter etc. Hence it could be said that the company has fully revolutionized the ethical disposition of the cosmetic industry with regard to the use of natural ingredients, and most importantly, the advent against using animals in terms of testing their products (p. 5). It could also be significantly noted that the Body Shop has been highly commended through the use of its own fair trade program which primarily includes transacting with disadvantaged communities all over the world. For instance, the company is known through its purchases of ingredients such as the blue corn from the Pueblo Indians in New Mexico; it has also been purchasing Brazil nut oil from the Kapayo Indians of the Amazon River Basin (p. 6). 1. 2 Significance of the Study The study is significant in order to know if customers now a days are informed in terms of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of multinational companies. In the cosmetics industry, wherein information about how products are produced and are tested is made unknown to the public, it is imperative to know whether consumers at present perceive these factors as relevant at all. More importantly, the implications of emerging ethical issues in the market could be focused upon to significantly contribute on the amount of literature and researches establishing the link between CSR and consumer buying behaviors. As such, this study is relevant in order to know whether The Body Shop consumers in London did take into consideration the CSR of The Body Shop in terms of their purchasing attitude. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study The objectives of the research are the following: 1. To know from a consumers perspective if The Body Shop International PLC have a responsibility to the society. 2. To know how much support does consumers have about the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of The Body Shop International PLC. 3. To know how much do consumers care about The Body Shop International PLCs level of CSR. 3. 1 To know if customer purchases are affected by the said factor. 4. To know what motives do consumers attribute to the CSR of The Body Shop International PLC. 4. 1 To know if the said motives make a difference to the consumers. 1. 4 Conclusion The implications of the workings of corporations overtime to the society, environment and other living things is something that is of utmost importance at present. In the age where science is triumphed over life and ethics, it is imperative to know whether cosmetic and skin and hair care international companies such as The Body Shop International are doing in terms of their CSR. More importantly, the study also seeks to establish the link between these CSR programs and know whether this affects consumer buying behaviors. Chapter II Review of Related Literature 2. 1 Introduction The review of related literature deals on: The Cosmetics Industry, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Consumer Buying Behaviors, CSR and Purchasing Decisions, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty, and The Body Shop International, PLC Values: Against Animal Testing, Support Community Trade, Activate Self Esteem, and Protecting our Planet. 2. 2 The Cosmetic Industry The European Cosmetic Industry has a total value output of more than 35 billion â‚ ¬. The industry is highly innovative as it has been a custom to replace or reformulate more or less 25% of its products per annum. In addition with this, 150,000 Europeans work within the industry while there are more than additional 350,000 jobs that stem out due to retail, distribution and transport of the said products (European Commission A, 2006). Cosmetic products are generally divided into five categories which are: toiletries, skincare, fragrance and perfumes, hair care and decorative cosmetics (European Commission B, 2006). Toiletries are composed of products use for bath and shower such as salts, foams, oils, gels and the likes. In addition with this, shaving products, products for the teeth and mouth, soaps, powders etc are included within this category. Toiletries make up 25% of the market share of the Cosmetics Industry (European Commission B, 2006). Consequently, skin care products like creams, emulsions, lotions, gels and oils for the skin and face masks like peeling products belong to the skin care category. Powders, sunbathing products, whitening products and anti-wrinkle cream also belong to this category. The skin care section comprised 23% of the total market share of the industry (European Commission B, 2006). . The hair care section also gives up the 25% of the total market share for the industry and normally comprised of products for the hair such as tints, bleaches, waving, straightening, fixing, setting, cleansing, conditioning, hairdressing, etc (European Commission B, 2006). . Fragrances and perfumes made 15% and finally, decorative cosmetics made 12%. Make-ups for the eyes, lips, face, and even nail care also belong to this category (European Commission B, 2006). 2. 3 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) An organization which closely considers the ethical aspects of doing business seeks to cater to the interests of various stake holders. Such includes not only stockholders and employees but also other groups of individuals that are often composed of customers, suppliers, governments, unions, competitors, local communities, and the general public (Sims, 2003, p. 40). It is often the case that the demands of the stockholders, stakeholders and the outsiders within the organization are in conflict with one another. For instance, stakeholders expect that the company would be able to do their business in a responsible manner; on the other hand, stakeholders expect that their investments would be returned. Corollary with this, customers are looking forward a return on what they paid for, while suppliers look for dependable buyers. The government wanted companies to follow legislations, while unions seek benefits for their members. The competitors, expected companies to do their business in a fair manner and local communities wanted the aforementioned to be responsible citizens. Finally, the general public expects organizations to improve the over all quality of human life (p. 40). Table 1: Stakeholder View of Corporate Responsibility Stakeholder Nature of the Stakeholder Claim Shareholders Participation in distribution of profits, additional stock offerings, assets on liquidation; vote of stock; inspection of company books; transfer of stock; election of board of directors; and such additional rights as have been established in the contract with the corporation. Employees Economic, social, and psychological satisfaction in the place of employment. Freedom from arbitrary and capricious behavior on the part of company officials. Share in fringe benefits, freedom to join union and participate in collective bargaining, individual freedom in offering up their services through an employment contract. Adequate working conditions. Customers Service provided with the product; technical data to use the product; suitable warranties; spare parts to support the product during use; RD leading to product improvement; facilitation of credit. Creditors Legal proportion of interest payments due and return of principal from the investment. Security of pledged assets; relative priority in event of liquidation. Management and owner prerogatives if certain conditions exist with the company (such as default of interest payments). Suppliers Continuing source of business; timely consummation of trade credit obligations; professional relationship in contracting for, purchasing, and receiving goods and services. Unions Recognition as the negotiating agent for employees. Opportunity to perpetuate the union as a participant in the business organization. Competitors Observation of the norms of competitive conduct established by society and the industry. Business statesmanship on the part of peers. Governments Taxes (income, property, and so on); adherence to the letter and intent of public policy dealing with the requirements of fair and free competition; discharge of legal obligations of businesspeople (and business organizations); adherence to antitrust laws. Local communities Place of productive and healthful environment in the community. Participation of company officials in community affairs, provision of regular employment, fair play, reasonable portion of purchases made in the local community, interest in and support of local government, support of cultural and charitable projects. The general public Participation in and contribution to society as a whole; creative communications between governmental and business units designed for reciprocal understanding; assumption of fair proportion of the burden of government and society. Fair price for products and advancement of the state-of-the-art technology that the product line involves. Source: Sims, 2003, p. 41 These expectations from the aforementioned stakeholders are often in conflict with one another. For instance, the government and the general public often times have problems in contrast with the companys creditors and stake holders most especially in terms of the companys profitability. In effect of this, it is recommended that organizational objectives and strategies will be internally consisted and focused. In relation with this, it has been argued that leaders must be able to create a single-mind and multidimensional approach to the organizations’ aims (p. 42). The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is deeply rooted on the commitment of organizations to continue their business in an ethical manner. Also, it is relevant as well that the organization will be contributing to economic development of ones country while at the same time improving the quality of life of not only its employees and its families but also the society where it belonged (Watts and Holme, 1999). One of the central concerns with regard to the necessity of the implementation of CSR by a particular organization is the impact of their decisions and actions within the society. Closely related to this is an organizations responsibility to the entire society. As such this means that when aligning certain organizational goals or projects, it would be better if organizations will evaluate first their actions and make sure that they are in accordance to the welfare of the greater good (Parsons, 1954). As such, the impact of an organizations decision within the society is very vital in CSR. It should be emphasized as well that an organizations duty should span more than the economic and legal aspects but also assume the good of the majority. Archie Carroll said that an organizations social responsibility is something that includes the interplay of four important factors. These are economic performance, adherence with the law, ethical responsibility, good corporate citizenship, and improving the societys quality of life (Carrol and Buchholtz, 2003). The Body Shop International PLC considers the following as their stakeholders: Customers, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), Partners, Franchisees and other business partners (The Body Shop International PLC I, 2007). The Body Shop International PLC gives immense value on their customers and considers them as their primary stake holder. Eighty percent of Body Shop customers are buying in the company because of the aforementioneds values. A huge number of the requested information came from the details regarding the take over of LOreal, animal testing and chemical use (The Body Shop International PLC I, 2007). Employees and consultants are also important to the company as it directly employs 10,034 people. The company assures that its values and objectives are in accordance with the needs of their consultants and employees, hence providing them trainings, direct communications with the administration, market level dialogues, company intranet and also numerous company magazines that would educate the aforementioned (The Body Shop International PLC I, 2007). Body Shops franchisees are also relevant because majority of them took part in the campaigns of the organizations. The specialty of the said franchisees most specially in terms of the latters perception of their own markets is something that helps the company not only to further increase their revenues and also preserving company values. Body Shop suppliers are also assured to follow strict compliance procedures against animal testing. In relation with this, the packaging processes of the products of the company are also assured to be non toxic and for that matter recyclable. The use of natural ingredients or alternatives to certain harmful chemicals is also taken in utmost consideration. In return with this, the company does its duty to the former by helping their suppliers most especially in marginalized countries to improve their quality of life. Other companies and multi-stakeholder networks of Body Shop are also working in accordance with responsible business practices (The Body Shop International PLC I, 2007). 2. 4 Consumer Buying Behaviors A persons terminal values are perceived as one of the major determining factors of consumer buying behaviors. According to Ratneshwar, Mick and Huffman (2000) the most important factors that determine buying behaviors of customers are means-end chain models that seek o connect product-feature preferences to a consumer’s values (p. 10). The social identity theory claims that consumer behavior is primarily dependent on these two factors: people take actions to buy products, and it is often the case that they buy products that are consistent with their ideal self images. Second of which, it is also important to note that the social identity theory claims that every person enacts multiple identities that functions in every social context such as for instance, mother, professor, volunteer, that could be drivers of buying actions (p. 11). The behavioral decision theory that is under the umbrella of the social identity theory claims that choices of consumers are often made in accordance with their attribute values. Closely related to this is the attitude theory which emphasizes consumer expectancies and evaluations on a particular product belief (p. 11-12). The figure below presents consumer goals in terms of their buying preferences. It could be seen that the core reason that determines why such and such consumers buy certain products is primarily due to their life theme and values. In effect of these, their life themes and values deeply influenced how they are going to deal with their life projects, current concerns and consumption intentions. Finally, the benefits sought and the feature preferences are also considered as the end goal of the being and doing hierarchy.

Marketing mix of a beer company

Marketing mix of a beer company Content PageIntroduction 2Task11.0 The marketing mix on the Black Sheep Brewery 21.1 Product 21.2 Promotion 4s are common law and Islamic law. These legal systems concern the pricing of products, import/ export limitations, types of advertising and product safety. For an example, In United States, every state has its own laws. The Black Sheep Brewery should be aware of the laws where they are marketing.3c EconomicPaliwoda suggests that "Macro-environment is created when trade and transactions take place across, rather than within, national frontiers; but it is important to note that there may well be greater economic environmental differences between different parts of the same country than between countries belonging to the same geographical region." in his book, "International Marketing". This means a single country may have different economic level. For an example, in some rural part of China is suffering from poverty, whereas in some parts of China, such as Hong Kong is to be con sidered as one of the richest cities in East Asia. Other factors to be aware of are, currencies used, where some countries may have weak currencies due to inflation or recession, also the kind if payment, some countries such as Columbia may pay by coffee beans. Secondly, the general economy, which can be determine by the average income of the public.3d PoliticalPolitics is a very important factor, it can either bring trading partners together or tear them apart. Government policies and attitudes towards imports are different around the globe. Some may set up trade barriers such as high tariffs, high import tax, in order to protect their own brands/ economy, or due to some tensions between countries. On the other hand, some may lower the import restrictions by setting up trade agreements between countries to minimise trade tariffs in bilateral trade exchanges, or to create job opportunities for their public. The Black Sheep Brewery should also be aware of the stability of the host co untry's regimes, also the level of government control of company assets.3e TechnologicalThis factor concerns the technological level of a country, such as the existing facilities and infrastructure; some countries may be more "high tech" than the others. Also the labour skills and training, some countries may have highly skilled labours, some may not. There may be a huge cost of new technology; also some government policies such as green issues may limit the use of some technologies.3f CompetitorsSince The Black Sheep Brewery is not the only company around the globe that supply beer there are various alternatives for consumers to choose from. Competitors such as Budweiser and Stella may have taken at least 90% of the consumers in some countries. Marketers should consider whether it is worthwhile to enter such countries.In marketing audit, SWOT analysis suggests that companies should minimise their weaknesses/ threats, and turn them into companies' strengths/ opportunities. When ente ring new country markets, there are weaknesses/ threats exist within and outside the company. These are the lacking of time, lacking of internal/ external knowledge and risks of competitors. By using methods of entry such as acquisition or merger can often minimise the weaknesses/ threats and turn them into possible strengths/ opportunities within and outside the company.

Parents Should not be punished for their Childrens Crimes Essay

Parents Should not be punished for their Childrens Crimes - Essay Example Moreover, few guardians introduce virtues in children instead, they inculcate in them vices that lead to criminal acts in the society. As a parent, one has the obligation of giving opportunities to children through guidance. By doing so they will prevent cases associated with crime among children. Universally, parents whom their children are prone to crime, act less in upbringing them correctly. Contrastingly, several factors have consideration in situations upon a child committing a crime (Kail 199). Nevertheless, the first person to be liable in any criminal case is always the parent, mostly in situations where parents neglect their kids who are engaging in criminal acts such as truancy in schools. Therefore, parents are liable in all circumstances regardless of the child’s upbringing. According to Kail (169), the legal structure always places responsibility on people in authority, for the case of a family; the parents are the ones in charge of discipline. Hence, this makes them liable whenever a child commits an offence in the public. Globally, crime rates are ascribable to lack of discipline and ethics most of which emanate from family values that are to be instilled by parents. In conclusion, kids’ crimes are attributable to several factors and parents receive blame in diverse cases. When instilling obedience in children, guardians are to be responsible since they influence children’s lifestyle in the society. Lastly, liberalization and modernization are contributing to the current shift in parents’ role where the idea of parents being responsible for their children’s crime has

Sensitivity report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sensitivity report - Coursework Example These resources are the machine time for this case as profits for the products is not sought as a solution to the company’s problem of finding the best combinations for the products. With regards to the three resources available in this analysis, they represent hours at the machines’ disposal. However, it is observed that, it more hours per machine were allowed, then higher total profits would be increase immensely. In order to answer questions like whether it is reason for the company to invest in more machine hours, should the company be willing to pay for more manufacturing time, and whether is profitable to hike the production hours. Using the solver solution represented as table 1, these questions and how they relate to the right combinations for product production can be identified. Using a theoretical analysis approach, it is by design that changes in right-hand-side of the constraint; a corresponding change is registered not unless it is conditional that the con straint is redundant. This translates to a change in the optimal solution as well. With regards to the reduction of hours the machines time may result to a increase of decrease in profit per hour. The change in profit per hour is referred to as the shadow price and is therefore used to determine whether the company should consider investing in more machine hours or a better combination of the produced products. To a constraint, the shadow price represents the improvement to the functional objective that may be a product of one-unit increase within the constraints right-hand-side. With regards to the fact that the profits generated per hour in normal circumstances is ?0.33333 the right combinations of the products are desired in order to preserve the need for increasing machine time. Hence fore, the fact that the company’s profit increased with ?0.3333 for every additional hour, it means that more product B types should be considered if time alone is to be considered. However, while the value of one product A is 24 Sterling Pounds and that of product B is 4 sterling pounds. Therefore, it is also observed that for every single product A a profit of 2 sterling pounds is made as compared to the 4 sterling pounds’ profit on product B. However, given that product A produces at machine at for four hours and two hours at machine B. The total amount of products producible at machine A will be 30 products with regards to the count of four hours for a machine allowance time of 120. On the other hand, the same product can process at machine B for two hours against the allowed duration of 72 hours to give 36 products A. With reference to product B, out of the allowed machine hours for machine A, 120 hours, only 20 product Bs can be produced within the time limit of 6 hours per product. This means that on the other hand, the only 12 product Bs can be produced using machine B speed of 6 hours per product against the allowed timeframe of 72 hours. In this case, since hours are constant and the company does not need to increase machine hours in order to keep investment at the original figure. This means that for product A to be processed within the time frame allowed for machine A and B will translate to a profit of ?60 per hour when processed in machine A and ?72 when process by machine B. On the case of product B, the solver solution shows that for all products B producible in machine A will yield a profit of ?80 with respect to the ?4 profit margin for every unit of